[DGIST Weekly Article] 고재원·엄지원 교수팀, 뇌질환 완치에 한 걸음 다가서다

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뇌·인지과학전공 고재원 교수, 엄지원 교수 공동연구팀이 시냅스 접착단백질 복합체에 의한 새로운 뇌 시냅스 생성 원리를 규명했다고 합니다. 신경과학분야의 우수한 학술지 중 하나인 "Journal of Neuroscience"에 실린 관련 논문의 핫한 Altmetric을 DGIST Scholar에서 바로 확인해보세요!

Tag. weekly article, altmetric, synapse, article

[Cover Story] DGIST, 뇌질환 완치에 한 걸음 다가서다(2018.07.04) 

뇌·인지과학전공 고재원 교수, 엄지원 교수 공동연구팀이 시냅스 접착단백질 복합체에 의한 새로운 뇌 시냅스 생성 원리를 규명했다고 합니다. 


주요 내용을 DGIST 홍보팀 기사에서 읽어보고, 관련 논문은 DGIST Scholar에서 확인하세요!

[Featured Article] PTP sigma Drives Excitatory Presynaptic Assemblyvia Various Extracellular and Intracellular Mechanisms

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9238

Authors  Han, Kyung AhKo, Ji SeungPramanik, GopalKim, Jin YoungTabuchi, KatsuhikoUm, Ji WonKo, Jaewon

Citation  Journal of Neuroscience, 38(30), 6700-6721

Abstract

Leukocyte common antigen-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are hub proteins that organize excitatory and inhibitory synapse development through binding to various extracellular ligands. Here, we report that knockdown (KD) of the LAR-RPTP family member PTPσ reduced excitatory synapse number and transmission in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, whereas KD of PTPδ produced comparable decreases at inhibitory synapses, in both cases without altering expression levels of interacting proteins. An extensive series of rescue experiments revealed that extracellular interactions of PTPσ with Slitrks are important for excitatory synapse development. These experiments further showed that the intracellular D2 domain of PTPσ is required for induction of heterologous synapse formation by Slitrk1 or TrkC, suggesting that interaction of LAR-RPTPs with distinct intracellular presynaptic proteins, drives presynaptic machinery assembly. Consistent with this, double-KD of liprin-α2 and-α3 or KD of PTPσ substrates (N-cadherin and p250RhoGAP) in neurons inhibited Slitrk6-induced, PTPσ-mediated heterologous synapse formation activity. We propose a synaptogenesis model in presynaptic neurons involving LAR-RPTP-organized retrograde signaling cascades, in which both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms are critical in orchestrating distinct synapse types. © 2018 the authors.

[Featured Article] Altmetric이 상승 중입니다!Altmetric – PTPσ drives excitatory presynaptic assembly via various extracellular and intracellular mechanisms

고&엄 교수 공동연구팀의 이번 연구는 많은 트윗과 기사에 언급되며 대중 및 연구자들에게 관심을 받고 있습니다.

(Altmetric을 집계하는 모든 논문 중 상위 5%)

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[Open Access] Mechanisms of protein toxicity inneurodegenerative diseases

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9223

Authors  Chung, Chang GeonLee, HyosangLee, Sung Bae

Citation  Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 75(17), 3159-3180

Abstract

Protein toxicity can be defined as all the pathological changes that ensue from accumulation, mis-localization, and/or multimerization of disease-specific proteins. Most neurodegenerative diseases manifest protein toxicity as one of their key pathogenic mechanisms, the details of which remain unclear. By systematically deconstructing the nature of toxic proteins, we aim to elucidate and illuminate some of the key mechanisms of protein toxicity from which therapeutic insights may be drawn. In this review, we focus specifically on protein toxicity from the point of view of various cellular compartments such as the nucleus and the mitochondria. We also discuss the cell-to-cell propagation of toxic disease proteins that complicates the mechanistic understanding of the disease progression as well as the spatiotemporal point at which to therapeutically intervene. Finally, we discuss selective neuronal vulnerability, which still remains largely enigmatic. © 2018, The Author(s).


 

[Open Access] Feeding state regulates pheromone-mediated avoidance behavior via the insulin signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9233

Authors  Ryu, Lee sunCheon, Yong JinHuh, Yang HoonPyo, Seon DongChinta, SatyaChoi, Hong Soo; Butcher, Rebecca A. Kim, Kyu Hyung

Citation  EMBO Journal, 37(15)

Abstract

Animals change sensory responses and their eventual behaviors, depending on their internal metabolic status and external food availability. However, the mechanisms underlying feeding state-dependent behavioral changes remain undefined. Previous studies have shown that Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite exhibits avoidance behaviors to acute exposure of a pheromone, ascr#3 (asc-ΔC9, C9). Here, we show that the ascr#3 avoidance behavior is modulated by feeding state via the insulin signaling pathway. Starvation increases ascr#3 avoidance behavior, and loss-of-function mutations in daf-2 insulin-like receptor gene dampen this starvation-induced ascr#3 avoidance behavior. DAF-2 and its downstream signaling molecules, including the DAF-16 FOXO transcription factor, act in the ascr#3-sensing ADL neurons to regulate synaptic transmission to downstream target neurons, including the AVA command interneurons. Moreover, we found that starvation decreases the secretion of INS-18 insulin-like peptides from the intestine, which antagonizes DAF-2 function in the ADL neurons. Altogether, this study provides insights about the molecular communication between intestine and sensory neurons delivering hunger message to sensory neurons, which regulates avoidance behavior from pheromones to facilitate survival chance. © 2018 The Authors

Biomechanical evaluation of virtualreality-based turning on a self-paced linear treadmill

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9222

Authors  Oh, KeonyoungStanley, Christopher J.Damiano, Diane L.Kim, JonghyunYoon, JungwonPark, Hyung-Soon

Citation  Gait and Posture, 65, 157-162

Abstract

Background:Patients with brain injuries such as Parkinson's disease or stroke exhibitabnormal gait characteristics especially during gait transitions such as stepinitiation and turning. Since such transitions could precipitate falls andresultant injuries, evaluation and rehabilitation of non-steady state gait inthose patients are important. Whereas body weight supported treadmill training(BWSTT) provides a safe and controlled environment for gait training, it isunable to adequately train for gait transitions since the typical lineartreadmill does not allow for changes in walking direction and naturalfluctuations in speed. Research question: This paper verifies if the suggestedvirtual reality (VR) based walking interface combined with the unidirectional treadmillcan stimulate the user to initiate turning gait. Methods: To validate whetherinitiation of turning was successfully achieved with the proposed walkingsystem, we developed the VR-based walking interface combined with theself-paced treadmill and compared kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activationlevels during the VR-based turning and overground (OG) turning as well asbetween straight walking and turning within conditions. Results: Despitewalking on a linear treadmill, subjects showed significant increases in headrotation, pelvic rotation, right hip abduction, left hip adduction, footprogression, medial-lateral ground reaction forces, right medial hamstringactivation level, and changes in step width during the VR turn compared tostraight walking. Significance: The developed VR-based turning interface canprovide a safe and controlled environment for assessment of turning in healthycontrols and may have a potential for assessment and training in patients withneurological disorders. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Efficiency enhancement of bifacialCu2ZnSnSe4 thin-film solar cells on indium tin oxide glass substrates bysuppressing In-Sn diffusion with Mo interlayer

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9229

Authors  Kim, Jung SikKim, Dae-HwanHwang, Dae Kue

Citation  Journal of Power Sources, 400, 9-15

Abstract

We fabricate bifacial Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin-film solar cells on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using a vacuum procedure. We find that, as the annealing temperature increases from 500 to 540 °C, the performance of the CZTSe solar cell rapidly degrades due to SnIn diffusion. We implement Mo interlayers at the CZTSe absorber/ITO interface to suppress this SnIn movement. During annealing, the selenized Mo interlayer with MoSe2 effectively acts as a barrier layer to reduce the In diffusion into the CZTSe absorber. The relationship between the Mo thickness and the CZTSe performance is addressed. Because the Mo interlayer is used, the conversion efficiency of the CZTSe solar cells greatly improves, from 0.40% to 5.21% under front illumination. Also, the effects of the bifacial conditions and Mo interlayer thickness on the performance of the CZTSe solar cells are investigated. Under bifacial illumination (front: 1.0 sun/rear: 0.3 sun), the conversion efficiency of the CZTSe solar cells increases by up to 10% compared with that under front illumination only, achieving a value of 5.71% for CZTSe/ITO. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

Radial multi-quantumwell ZnO nanorod arrays for nanoscale ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9243

Authors  Kang, Jang-WonKim, Byeong-HyeokSong, HuiJo, Yong-RyunHong, Sang-HyunJung, Gun YoungKim, Bong-JoongPark, Seong-JuCho, Chang-Hee

Citation  Nanoscale, 10(31), 14812-14818

Abstract

Sincesemiconducting ZnO has attractive properties such as wide bandgap and largeexciton binding energy, it has motivated us to realize efficient ultraviolet(UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, facile growth of ZnOnanostructures has triggered numerous research studies to examine them asnanoscale building blocks for optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate thegrowth of ZnO-based core-shell p-n homojunction nanorod arrays with radialMgZnO/ZnO multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and report the characteristics of acore-shell ZnO nanorod LED. The shell layers of MgZnO/ZnO MQWs and p-typeantimony-doped MgZnO were epitaxially grown on the surface of ZnO core nanorodarrays. By introducing the radial MQWs, the photoluminescence intensity wasgreatly increased by 4 times, compared to that of the bare ZnO nanorod array,suggesting that the core-shell MQWs can be used to realize the nanoscale ZnOLEDs with high internal quantum efficiency. As the injection current increased,the EL intensity of UV emission at 375 nm from the MgZnO/ZnO MQWs stronglyincreased without shifting of the emission peak because of the non-polar natureof MQWs grown on the side walls of the ZnO nanorods. These results highlightthe potential of an integrated nanoscale UV light emitter in various photonicdevices. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Effect of Electric Field on theExchange-Stiffness Constant in a Co12Fe72B16 Disk-Shaped Nanomagnet 65 nm inDiameter

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9224

Authors  Cho, JaehunMiwa, ShinjiYakushiji, KayKubota, HitoshiFukushima, AkioYou, Chun YeolYuasa, ShinjiSuzuki, Yoshishige

Citation  Physical Review Applied, 10(1)

Abstract

Theexchange stiffness constant denoted by A(ex) is one of the fundamental physicalquantities from the Heisenberg exchange Hamiltonian for ferromagneticmaterials. A recent theoretical prediction shows the possibility that A(ex) inferromagnetic metal films can be effectively tuned by the application of anelectric field at the surface. In this paper, we demonstrate that the thermallyexcited spin-wave modes in magnetic tunnel junctions contain modulations uponapplication of an electric field through a MgO tunneling barrier. Differentmodulations of different spin-wave eigenmodes provide quantitative informationregarding the electric field effects on the exchange stiffness, perpendicularanisotropy energy, and saturation magnetization. An electric field of 1 V/nmmodulated A(ex) by 8.1% at room temperature. The results are significantlyhigher than those predicted from the Slater-Pauling curve and recenttheoretical work.

1D versus 2D Growth of Soluble AceneCrystals from Soluble Acene/Polymer Blends Governed by a Residual SolventReservoir in a Phase-Separated Polymer Matrix

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9220

Authors  Lee, Jung HunChoi, Hyun HoPark, Yeong DonAnthony, John E.Lim, Jung AhCho, Jang WhanChung, Dae SungHwang, Jin HyunJang, Ho WonCho, Kil WonLee, Wi Hyoung

Citation  Advanced Functional Materials

Abstract

The growth mechanism of soluble acene is highly dependent on the remaining residual solvent following solution processing. The relationship between the amount of residual solvent and the growth modes of a prototypical soluble acene, 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) are examined under spin casting TIPS-pentacene/insulating polymer blends. Changing spin time of the blend solution allows to control the amount of residual solvent, which significantly determines the growth modes of TIPS-pentacene vertically segregated onto the insulating polymer. In situ observation of crystal growth reveals that excess residual solvent in short spin time induces a convective flow in a drying droplet, thereby resulting in 1D growth of TIPS-pentacene crystals. On the other hand, optimal amount of residual solvent in a moderate spin time results in 2D growth of TIPS-pentacene crystals. The well-developed 2D spherulites allow for higher field-effect mobility than that of the 1D crystals because of the higher perfectness and coverage of TIPS-pentacene crystals. The use of other types of soluble acene and insulating polymer only changes the kinetics of crystallization, while the transition of growth mode from 1D to 2D is still observed. This general growth mechanism facilitates the understanding of crystallization behavior of soluble acene for the development of high-performance organic transistors. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Comparative proteomic analysis of mouse models of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy, with selection of biomarkers of pathological hypertrophy by integrative proteogenomics

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9228

Authors  Kwon, Hye KyeongJeong, HyobinHwang, DaeheePark, Zee-Yong

Citation  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics,1866(10), 1043-1054

Abstract

Todetermine fundamental characteristics of pathological cardiac hypertrophy,protein expression profiles in two widely accepted models of cardiachypertrophy (swimming-trained mouse for physiological hypertrophy andpressure-overload-induced mouse for pathological hypertrophy) were comparedusing a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. Among 3955 proteins(19,235 peptides, false-discovery rate < 0.01) identified in these models,486 were differentially expressed with a log2 fold difference 0.58, or were detected in only onehypertrophy model (each protein from 4 technical replicates, p <.05).Analysis of gene ontology biological processes and KEGG pathways identifiedcellular processes enriched in one or both hypertrophy models. Processes uniqueto pathological hypertrophy were compared with processes previously identifiedin cardiac-hypertrophy models. Individual proteins with differential expressionin processes unique to pathological hypertrophy were further confirmed usingthe results of previous targeted functional analysis studies. Using aproteogenomic approach combining transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, similarpatterns of differential expression were observed for 23 proteins andcorresponding genes associated with pathological hypertrophy. A total of 11proteins were selected as early-stage pathological-hypertrophy biomarkercandidates, and the results of western blotting for five of these proteins inindependent samples confirmed the patterns of differential expression in mousemodels of pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy. © 2018 ElsevierB.V.

Synthetic Approach for EnhancingSemiconductor Properties of Water-Borne DPP-Copolymer

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9236

Authors  Yoo, Seong HoonSong, Hyeng GunCho, Jang WhanKwon, Soon-KiKim, Yun-Hi; Chung, Dae Sung

Citation  Chemistry of Materials, 30(14), 4808-4815

Abstract

Weintroduce a synthetic approach to enhance coalescence phenomenon duringsolidification of water-borne colloids so that thin, even, and continuous filmmorphology of polymer semiconductors can be realized. From the theoreticalstudy of complex colloids, we show that small-sized and uniform colloidparticles are essential to minimize depletion contact energy between colloidparticles and thus to enhance coalescence. Therefore, the newly synthesizedpolymer semiconductor in this study is designed with the aim of bettermolecular affinity with surfactants, so that phase transfer of polymersemiconductors from organic phase to water phase can proceed more efficientlyduring mini-emulsion synthesis. This is achieved by substituting a Si atom tothe branching C atom of the alkyl solubilizing group of a conventionaldonor-acceptor polymer semiconductor. Such a chemical modification increasesthe volumetric portion of hydrophobic alkyl chains and thus enables highersolubility as well as higher hydrophobicity, all of which are closely relatedwith enhancing molecular affinity between polymer semiconductor and surfactant,as proved by surface energy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electronmicroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. As a result, it is shownthat the performance of organic field-effect transistors fabricated fromwater-borne colloids can be improved to a level similar to the case of organicsolvents, 0.91 cm2 V-1 s-1. More importantly, we also show the reproducibilityof transistor performance is greatly improved due to the uniform and smallwater-borne colloidal particles. © 2018 American Chemical Society.

Cellular coordination controlling organseparation and surface integrity in plants

URI  http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11750/9241

Authors  Lee, Yuree; Kwak, June Myoung

Citation  BMB Reports, 51(7), 317-318

Abstract

Plants areunable to relocate themselves to a more favorable location and thus have todeal with developmental programs and environmental cues wherever they happen tobe. It is yet largely unknown how plant cells coordinate cellular activitiesand architectures to accomplish developmental processes and respond toenvironmental changes. By identifying and establishing a new cellular modelsystem, we have discovered that two neighboring cell types in the abscissionzone (AZ) of Arabidopsis flowers coordinate their activities to ensure aprecise "cut" through a highly restricted area of plant tissue tobring about organ separation. From this perspective, we further discuss theessence of cellular coordination in AZ, the key molecules controlling the organseparation, and relevant implications.

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